Many gardeners believe that coniferous trees don’t need winter preparation due to their natural hardiness. However, this is not entirely true. While these trees are resilient, they face significant challenges during the winter, including sunburn from the warm spring sun and other environmental threats. Proper preparation, starting in the fall, can ensure their healthy survival through winter. Here’s how to prepare your coniferous trees step by step.
1. Fertilizing
In the fall, coniferous plants need phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. These nutrients should be applied carefully according to instructions. Phosphorus promotes root development, while potassium helps shoots mature and harden, enhancing their winter resistance. It’s crucial to avoid nitrogen fertilizers in the fall as nitrogen stimulates new growth that won’t survive cold temperatures.
2. Disease Treatment
Coniferous trees need preventive treatment against bacterial and fungal diseases. Gardeners typically perform this task in October when the weather is relatively warm and calm. Trees should be treated with copper-based products, but avoid using copper sulfate as it can scorch the needles. Opt for safer copper-containing fungicides.
3. Deep Watering
Towards late fall, deep watering is essential for all coniferous trees. Mature trees need around 55-75 liters of water, while younger trees require about 30-35 liters. This is vital because conifer needles continue exchanging air and moisture even during winter. Frozen ground can hinder roots from absorbing enough water, leading to needle damage. Pre-watering the soil significantly reduces this risk.
4. Sunburn Protection
All coniferous trees are susceptible to sunburn due to excessive sunlight, especially as winter transitions into spring. To protect them, trees should be covered with burlap or similar breathable material that partially blocks sunlight. Ensure the material allows for adequate airflow; avoid synthetic coverings like spunbond that trap heat.
An alternative approach involves using specialized sprays that reduce the trees’ sensitivity to sunlight. Products can be effective, typically applied twice (early and late fall) when temperatures are above 0°C.
5. Crown Tying
Tying the branches of coniferous trees helps prevent damage from strong winds and the weight of heavy snow. Be careful not to tie them too tightly to avoid causing damage. Additionally, throughout winter, regularly brush off accumulated snow from the branches to prevent breakage.
By following these steps diligently, you can help your coniferous trees withstand the challenges of winter and thrive come spring.